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In the field of engineering, a chemical engineer is a professional, who is equipped with the knowledge of chemical engineering, works principally in the chemical industry to convert basic raw materials into a variety of products, and deals with the design and operation of plants and equipment.〔Licker, Mark, D. (2003). ''Dictionary of Engineering", McGraw-Hill, 2nd Ed.〕 In general, a chemical engineer is one who applies and uses principles of chemical engineering in any of its various practical applications; these often include 1) design, manufacture, and operation of plants and machinery in industrial chemical and related processes ("chemical process engineers"); 2) development of new or adapted substances for products ranging from foods and beverages to cosmetics to cleaners to pharmaceutical ingredients, among many other products ("chemical product engineers"); and 3) development of new technologies such as fuel cells, hydrogen power and nanotechnology, as well as working in fields wholly or partially derived from chemical engineering such as materials science, polymer engineering, and biomedical engineering. ==History== The president of the Institution of Chemical Engineers said in his presidential address "I believe most of us would be willing to regard Edward Charles Howard (1774–1816) as the first chemical engineer of any eminence".〔''Transactions of the IChemE'' (1951) Volume 29 page 163〕 Others have suggested Johann Rudolf Glauber (1604–1670) for his development of processes for the manufacture of the major industrial acids.〔Herman Skolnik ''in'' W. F. Furter (ed) (1982) ''A Century of Chemical Engineering'' ISBN 0-306-40895-3 page 230〕 The term appeared in print in 1839, though from the context it suggests a person with mechanical engineering knowledge working in the chemical industry.〔Ure, Andrew (1839) ''A Dictionary of Arts Manufactures and Mines'', London: Longman, Orme, Brown, Green & Longman, page 1220〕 In 1880, George E. Davis wrote in a letter to ''Chemical News'' "A Chemical Engineer is a person who possesses chemical and mechanical knowledge, and who applies that knowledge to the utilisation, on a manufacturing scale, of chemical action." He proposed the name Society of Chemical Engineers, for what was in fact constituted as the Society of Chemical Industry. At the first General Meeting of the Society in 1882, some 15 of the 300 members described themselves as chemical engineers, but the Society's formation of a Chemical Engineering Group in 1918 attracted about 400 members.〔Colin Duvall and Sean F, Johnston (2000) ''Scaling Up: The Institution of Chemical Engineers and the Rise of a New Profession'' Kluwer Academic Publishers〕 In 1905 a publication called ''The Chemical Engineer'' was founded in the US, and in 1908 the American Institute of Chemical Engineers was established.〔(John C. Olsen (December 1932), ''Chemical Engineering As A Profession: Origin and Early Growth of the American Institute of Chemical Engineers'' )〕 In 1924 the Institution of Chemical Engineers adopted the following definition: "A chemical engineer is a professional man experienced in the design, construction and operation of plant and works in which matter undergoes a change of state and composition."〔''Transactions of the Institution of Chemical Engineers'' volume 2 page 23 (1924)〕 As can be seen from the later definition, the occupation is not limited to the chemical industry, but more generally the process industries, or other situations in which complex physical and/or chemical processes are to be managed. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「chemical engineer」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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